Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Brachychiton populneus Biomass for the Production of High-Value Bio-Crude

The current study focused on the heterogenous catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Brachychiton populneus biomass seed, using Ni as hydrogenation catalyst and Fe active hydrogen producer. activity metal Ni/Al2O3 in HTL seed (BS) a mixture shell (BM) was studied. To establish best operating process conditions, influence variation temperature reaction time product yields also examined. highest bio-crude 57.18% 48.23% for BS BM, respectively, were obtained at 330 °C 10 min time, presence donor. Elemental analysis results showed that these operative an increase higher heating value (HHV) from 25.14 MJ/kg to 38.04 17.71 31.72 BM biomass, when combination used. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), used determine oils’ chemical compositions, combined favored hydrodeoxygenation fatty acids into hydrocarbons, indeed their amount increased ≈20% both biomasses These demonstrate has capacity be source synthetic fuels feedstock.